Temple of Apollo, Corinth

Temple of Apollo, in Ancient Corinth, was built about 540 B.C. in the Doric style on the ruins of much earlier temple. It is one of the earliest Doric temples in the Peloponnese constructed of local limestone on top of an imposing, rocky hill.

This temple was an emblem for the Greek city of Corinth, reflecting its growth and prosperity.

The Temple of Apollo was built upon a Temple Hill, which was an outcropping of natural rock, which allowed for a sturdy platform on which the temple could be built. The Temple of Apollo dominated Ancient Corinth.

The remains of other temples, a theatre, shops, public baths, pottery factories, a gymnasium, a triumphal arch, and other buildings such as villas have been excavated since 1896 on the site around the Temple of Apollo.

The temple initially consisted of 42 monolithic, 6×15 limestone columns, over 7 m high.

Corinth was a city-state (polis) on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta.

Ancient Corinth was one of the largest and most important cities of Greece. Kypselos, who was the first tyrant of Corinth in the 7th century BC, after he removed the aristocracy from power, initiated the building of the temples to Apollo and Poseidon.

After the Roman conquest of Corinth and during the Roman period, the interior colonnades of the Temple were removed from the structure.

The columns were reused in the exterior colonnade of a stoa. A stoa was a covered walkway for public and commercial use with columns lining the side of the building.

In the first century, A.D. Roman stoas were built on the two sides of this temple. The Stoas were part of the marketplaces or Agora of Ancient Corinth and increased the commercial activity around the Temple and increased the economy of the city.

After the Romans came the Christians, the Byzantines, the Crusaders, the Venetians, and then the Ottomans, all of whom impacted the temple.

Fortunately, many Grecian temples such as this one have survived even in a ruined state. The columns are standing as witness to past glory. According to the Greek traveler Pausanias who wrote his descriptions between 155 and 180 AD, there was a significant bronze statue of Apollo in the Temple.

Many Greek bronze statue statues from temples like this one, were plundered by Roman Generals and taken to Rome as looted treasure.

Later during times of strife in Rome, these statues were melted down for money or weapons. Did the statue of Apollo from this Temple survive as a marble copy? And does the marble copy stand today in some museum somewhere in the world?