“Seagulls, the River Thames and the Houses of Parliament” by Claude Monet (Pushkin Museum)

The Houses of Parliament by Claude Monet is one in a series of paintings of the Palace of Westminster, home of the British Parliament, created during the early 1900s while Monet stayed in London.

All of the series’ paintings share the same viewpoint from Monet’s terrace at St Thomas’ Hospital overlooking the Thames and the about similar canvas size. They depict different times of the day and weather conditions.

This painting’s viewpoint was close to that of J. M. W. Turner’s paintings of the fire that had destroyed much of the old Parliament complex in 1834. James McNeill Whistler’s works of the Thames also inspired Monet.

By the time of the Houses of Parliament series, Monet had ceased his earlier practice of completing a painting on the spot in front of the subject.

Monet continued refining the images back at his home base in France and sometimes used photographs to help in his task.

Some purists criticized this new approach, but Monet replied that his means of creating work was his own business, and it was up to the viewer to judge the result.

Monet produced nearly a hundred views of the Thames River in London. He painted Waterloo Bridge and Charing Cross Bridge from his room in the Savoy Hotel and the Houses of Parliament from Saint Thomas’s Hospital.

The artist continued to refine the paintings and wrote to his dealer Durand-Ruel:

“I cannot send you a single canvas of London … It is indispensable to have them all before me and to tell the truth, not one is definitely finished. I develop them all together.”

Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the term “Impressionism” is derived from the title of his painting Impression, “Soleil Levant” or “Impression, Sunrise,” which was exhibited in 1874.

Monet adopted a method of painting in which he painted the same scene many times to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons.

Monet is known for having produced a series of paintings, all versions of the same subject and perspective. Examples include his series of the “Valley of the Creuse” series and his famous series of “Haystacks” and “Water Lilies” paintings.

From 1883 Monet lived in Giverny, where at his home, he developed a garden landscape that included the lily ponds that would become the subjects of his best-known works.

In 1899 he began painting the water lilies, first with a Japanese bridge as a central feature, and later in the series of large-scale paintings, with the water lilies as the main feature. This series occupied him for the last 20 years of his life.

Claude Monet’s Series

Monet’s first painting series exhibition in 1891 was of fifteen Haystack paintings, painted from different points of view and at different times of the day.

Two years later, he produced twenty-six views of Rouen Cathedral. In this series, Monet also experimented with cropping the Cathedral so that only certain parts of the façade is depicted on the canvas.

Again these paintings focused on the effects of light and shade in the composition. Monet traveled to the Mediterranean, where he painted landscapes, and seascapes, including a series of paintings in Venice.

In London, he painted four series: the Houses of Parliament, London, Charing Cross Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, and Views of Westminster Bridge. Other series by Monet include Poplars, Mornings on the Seine, and the Water Lilies.

Houses of Parliament, London

Title: Seagulls, the River Thames and the Houses of Parliament
Artist: Claude Monet
Year: 1904
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: 81 × 92 cm (31.8 × 36.2 in)
Museum: Pushkin Museum

Claude Monet

Name: Oscar-Claude Monet
Born: 1840 – Paris, France
Died: 1926 (aged 86) – Giverny, France
Nationality: French
Movement: Impressionism
Notable works:
- Reflections of Clouds on the Water-Lily Pond
- Water Lilies (Honolulu Museum of Art)
- Farmyard in Normandy
- The Basin at Argenteuil
- A Cart on the Snowy Road at Honfleur
- Water Lilies, (National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo)
- Camille Monet on a Bench
- The Houses of Parliament (Effect of Fog) – (MET)
- “Houses of Parliament, London” (Art Institute of Chicago)
- “The Houses of Parliament, Sunset” (National Gallery of Art, DC)
- London, Houses of Parliament. The Sun Shining through the Fog
- “Seagulls, the River Thames and the Houses of Parliament” (Pushkin Museum)
- Haystacks at Scottish National Gallery
- Stacks of Wheat (End of Day, Autumn) at Art Institute of Chicago
- Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer) at Art Institute of Chicago
- “Meules, milieu du jour” (National Gallery of Australia)
- “Wheatstacks, Snow Effect, Morning” (Getty Museum)
- Garden at Sainte-Adresse
- Poppy Field in a Hollow near Giverny
- The Gare St-Lazare (The National Gallery, London)
- “La Gare Saint-Lazare” (Musée d’Orsay)
- “Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare” by Claude Monet (Art Institute of Chicago)
- Le Pont de Argenteuil (The Argenteuil Bridge)
- Impression, Sunrise
- Japanese Bridge Paintings by Claude Monet – Musée Marmottan Monet
- Water Lilies by Claude Monet – Musée Marmottan Monet
- Gardens at Giverny Paintings by Claude Monet – Musée Marmottan Monet