“Salome with Head of John the Baptist” by Titian is assumed to represent Salome carrying John the Baptist’s head on a gold plater, inspired by the Gospel story.
It has also been argued that the depiction represents Judith with the Head of Holofernes, the other biblical incident found in art showing a female and a severed male head.
The Salome theme was inspired by the Gospel of Mark (6:21–29). In the story, a daughter of Herodias danced before Herod at his birthday celebration, and in pleasing him, she asked for the head of John the Baptist as her reward.
This daughter of Herodias is identified as Salome. Herodias, her mother, bore a grudge against John for proclaiming that Herod’s marriage to her was unlawful, so she encouraged her daughter to demand that John be executed.
Mark’s account states:
“The daughter of Herodias came in and danced,
pleasing Herod and those dining with him.
The king said to the girl:
“Ask me for whatever you want, and I will give it to you.”
Yes, he swore to her: “Whatever you ask me for,
I will give it to you, up to half my kingdom.”
So she went out and said to her mother: “What should I ask for?”
She said: “The head of John the Baptist.”
She immediately rushed into the king and made her request, saying:
“I want you to give me right away on a platter
the head of John the Baptist.”
Although this deeply grieved him,
the king did not want to disregard her request,
because of his oaths and his guests.
So the king immediately sent a bodyguard
and commanded him to bring John’s head.
So he went off and beheaded him in the prison
and brought his head on a platter.
He gave it to the girl, and the girl gave it to her mother.”
Historically, some have considered the main figure in the painting to be the Queen Herodias and the younger girl to be her daughter Salome.
However, because of the painting’s long history, multiple versions, and many owners, the painting has also been considered to represent Judith with the Head of Holophernes.
In the Old Testament Book of Judith, Holofernes was an Assyrian invading general dispatched by Nebuchadnezzar. The general laid siege on a city that almost fell. Holofernes’s advance stopped the water supply to Bethulia, and the people lost heart.
The city was saved by Judith, a beautiful Hebrew widow who entered Holofernes’s camp, seduced him, then beheaded him while he was drunk. She returned to her city home with the severed head, and the Hebrews defeated the enemy.
In the many paintings of “Judith with the Head of Holofernes,” the composition includes a maidservant following the Book of Judith, which mentions a maidservant.
In addition to the alternative theories on the subject, there are also several early repetitions that Titian and/or his workshop made.
The version exhibited at the Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, has been considered the best of the workshop versions.
Salome with Head of John the Baptist
- Title: Salome with Head of John the Baptist
- Artist: Titian
- Created: 1550
- Media: oil on panel
- Dimensions: Height: 86.4 cm (34 in); Width: 73.7 cm (29 in)
- Museum: Norton Simon Museum
Titian was known to have a large workshop, where students duplicated many of his most popular compositions. Some paintings were finished or corrected by Titian himself, allowing them to be sold as the work of the master.
For “Salome with Head of John the Baptist,” at least four original versions are known to have been made.
The original was made in 1515 by the Italian late Renaissance painter Titian is exhibited at the Doria Pamphilj Gallery in Rome. Other Titian painting of this subject with different compositions also exist in various other museums.
Salome with the Head of John the Baptist, 1515 – Doria Pamphilj Gallery, Rome
Salome with Head of John the Baptist
- Title: Salome with Head of John the Baptist
- Italiano: Salomé con la testa del Battista
- Artist: Titian
- Created: 1515
- Media: oil on canvas
- Dimensions: Height: 90 cm (35.4 in); Width: 72 cm (28.3 in)
- Museum: Doria Pamphilj Gallery
Titian
Titian (1490 – 1576) was the most famous painter of the 16th-century Venetian school.
So much so that his contemporaries recognized him as one of the most accomplished painters, adept with portraits, landscape, and mythological and religious subjects.
His application and use of color, his vivid, luminous tints, his brushwork, and subtlety of tone had a profound influence on Western art.
Titian
- Name: Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio
- Known as: Titian
- Born: c. 1488-1490 – Pieve di Cadore, Republic of Venice
- Died: 1576 (aged about 88) – Venice, Italy
- Notable Works:
- Bacchus and Ariadne
- The Rape of Europa
- Perseus and Andromeda
- Diana and Actaeon
- The Death of Actaeon
- Venus and Adonis
- Diana and Callisto
- Saint John the Baptist
- Allegory of Time Governed by Prudence
- The Tribute Money
- A Man with a Quilted Sleeve
- Salome with Head of John the Baptist
Salome seduces King Herod
Tour of the Norton Simon Museum
- “Canoe on the Yerres River” by Gustave Caillebotte
- “Madonna and Child with the Book” by Raphael
- “The Burghers of Calais” by Auguste Rodin
- “Portrait of the Artist’s Mother” by Vincent van Gogh
- “The Holy Women at the Sepulchre” by Peter Paul Rubens
John the Baptist
~~~
“The painter must always seek the essence of things, always represent the essential characteristics and emotions of the person he is painting.”
– Titian
~~~
Photo Credit:1)Titian, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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