“King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid” by Edward Burne-Jones

“King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid” by Edward Burne-Jones illustrates the story which tells the legend of King Cophetua, who fell in love at first sight with the beggar Penelophon.

A 16th-century ballad tells the story of an African king, Cophetua, who was renowned for his lack of interest in women.

One day while looking out a palace window, he witnesses a young beggar, Penelophon. Struck by love at first sight, Cophetua decides that he wanted the beggar girl as his wife.

King Cophetua rushed out into the street, he scatters coins for the beggars to gather, and when Penelophon comes forward, he asks her to be his wife. S

he agrees and becomes queen, and soon loses all trace of her former poverty and beggar life. The couple thrives together and becomes much loved by their people.

When they died, they were buried in the same tomb. At the time, the story became widely referenced and became a byword for “Love at first sight.”

Shakespeare mentions the ballad by title in several plays. It is referenced or alluded in Love’s Labor’s Lost, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Romeo and Juliet, Richard II, and Henry IV, all written in the 1590s.

The tale was familiar to Burne-Jones through the sixteen-line poem The Beggar Maid by Alfred, Lord Tennyson.

Love at First Sight

Love, at first sight, has been explored by many cultures in various forms of literature, poetry, film, and art. Biblical and literary examples include:

Bible Commentaries describe the account of Isaac’s first view of Rebekah (Genesis) as love at first sight
Similarly for Jacob’s first sight of Rachel
For Dante Alighieri, he fell in love with Beatrice Portinari at an early age. Beatrice appears as a guide in Alighieri’s “Divine Comedy.”
In “Romeo and Juliet,” Romeo falls in love with Juliet when he first sees her.
In “Sense and Sensibility,” Brandon was captivated by Marianne’s voice and fell in love with Marianne at first sight
In “Les Misérables,” Marius and Cosette fall in love after glancing into each other’s eyes.
In “The Little Mermaid” by Hans Christian Andersen, the mermaid falls in love with a human prince

In films, there are multiple examples, such as in “The Godfather” where Michael gets “hit by the thunderbolt” when he first sees Apollonia.

The Beggar Maid by Alfred Lord Tennyson

“She was more fair than words can say:
Bare-footed came the beggar maid
Before the king Cophetua.
In robe and crown the king stept down,
To meet and greet her on her way;
“It is no wonder,” said the lords,
“She is more beautiful than day.”

Edward Burne-Jones

Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones (1833 – 1898) was an English artist and designer. He was associated with the later phase of the Pre-Raphaelite movement.

Burne-Jones worked closely with William Morris on a wide range of decorative arts as a founding partner in Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. Burne-Jones and was closely involved in the rejuvenation of the tradition of stained glass art in Britain.

Burne-Jones’s early paintings show the considerable inspiration of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, but by the 1860s, Burne-Jones was discovering his artistic style.

In 1877, he exhibited eight oil paintings at the Grosvenor Gallery, a new rival to the Royal Academy. This opportunity allowed him to be heralded as a star of the new Aesthetic Movement.

Burne-Jones also worked in a variety of crafts, including designing ceramic tiles, jewelry, tapestries, and mosaics.

Pre-Raphaelites

The Pre-Raphaelites was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848.

The group intended to reform art by rejecting what it considered the mechanistic approach first adopted by the artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo, hence the name “Pre-Raphaelite.”

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood sought a return to the abundant detail, intense colors, and complex compositions of Pre-Raphaelite Italian art.

The Pre-Raphaelites focused on painting subjects from modern life, and literature often used historical costumes for accuracy.

They painted directly from nature itself, as accurately as possible, and with intense attention to detail.

The Pre-Raphaelites defined themselves as a reform movement, created a distinct name for their art, and published a periodical to promote their ideas.

King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid

Title: King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid
Artist: Edward Burne-Jones
Date: 1884
Medium: oil on canvas
Style: Pre-Raphaelite
Dimensions: Height: 293.4 cm (115.5 ″); Width: 135.9 cm (53.5 ″)
Museum: Tate Britain

Edward Burne-Jones

Name: Edward Burne-Jones
Born: 1833, Birmingham, England
Died: 1898 (aged 64), London, England
Nationality: English
Movement: Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood,
Notable works:
- The Star of Bethlehem
- King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid

“King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid” by Edward Burne-Jones

The Beggar Maid – Alfred Lord Tennyson

A Virtual Tour of Pre-Raphaelite Artists

John Everett Millais

Isabella
Christ in the House of His Parents
The Martyr of Solway
Ophelia
Blow Blow Thou Wind
The Black Brunswicker
A Dream of the Past: Sir Isumbras at the Ford

William Holman Hunt

Our English Coasts
Isabella and the Pot of Basil
Self-portrait William Holman Hunt
Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Lady Lilith
Dante’s Dream
Dante Gabriel Rossetti – Self Portrait
The Beloved
Bocca Baciata
Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
The Day Dream

John William Waterhouse

The Lady of Shalott
The Favorites of the Emperor Honorius
Circe Invidiosa
Diogenes
I Am Half-Sick of Shadows, Said the Lady of Shalott
Hylas and the Nymphs
Echo and Narcissus
Ulysses and the Sirens
Consulting the Oracle
A Tale from the Decameron
Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses
Saint Eulalia
Fair Rosamund

Marie Spartali Stillman

Love’s Messenger

Ford Madox Brown

Romeo and Juliet
The Last of England

Henry Holiday

Dante and Beatrice

Edward Burne-Jones

The Star of Bethlehem
King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid

Frederick Sandys

Queen Eleanor
Morgan-le-Fay
Mary Magdalene

Frank Dicksee

The Funeral of a Viking

John Collier

Lady Godiva

William Dyce

Francesca da Rimini

King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid

Quotes about the Pre-Raphaelite Movement

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“Better by far, you should forget and smile than that you should remember and be sad.”
– Christina Rossetti

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“The past is not dead; it is living in us, and will be alive in the future which we are now helping to make.”
– William Morris

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“The artist has done nothing till he has concealed himself — the art is imperfect which is visible-the feelings are but feebly touched if they permit us to reason on the methods of their excitement.”
– John Ruskin

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“When I am dead, my dearest,
Sing no sad songs for me.”
– Christina Rossetti

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“All great art is the work of the whole living creature, body and soul, and chiefly of the soul.”
– John Ruskin

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“The greatest foe to art is luxury; art cannot live in its atmosphere.”
– William Morris

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“Art is not a study of positive reality; it is the seeking for ideal truth.”
– John Ruskin

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Photo Credit: Edward Burne-Jones [Public domain]

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