“Both Members of This Club” by George Bellows

“Both Members of This Club” by George Bellows is the third and largest of George Bellows’s early prize-fighting subjects.

The painting’s title refers to the practice in private athletic clubs of introducing the contestants to the audience as “both members” to circumvent the law.

The Lewis Law made prize-fighting illegal in New York State. Boxing continued in New York on a club membership basis until 1911.

Boxing was a controversial subject, but the interracial theme made this painting even more so, especially since the black boxer appears to be winning the match.

This painting follows the success of the African American professional prizefighter Jack Johnson, who had won the world heavyweight championship in 1908. The idea of a black boxing champion was unsettling to then social order.

Painted the era of Jim Crow laws, Bellows’s painting showing a white fighter about to be defeated by a black boxer was a provocative social commentary. Many believed that interracial boxing should be outlawed.

Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. The laws were enforced until 1965. In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in specific states.

The legal principle of “separate but equal” racial segregation was extended to public facilities and transportation, including the coaches of interstate trains and buses.

As a body of law, Jim Crow institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages for African Americans and other people of color.

In 1954, segregation of public schools was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. In some states, it took many years to implement this decision.

Generally, Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The Ancient History of Boxing

The earliest known depiction of boxing comes from a Sumerian relief from over 4,000 years ago. A relief sculpture from Egyptian Thebes dated to 1350 BC shows boxers and spectators.

These early Middle-Eastern and Egyptian depictions showed contests where fighters were either bare-fisted or had a band supporting the wrist.

The earliest evidence of fist-fighting with gloves can be found on Minoan Crete about 1500 BC.

Various types of boxing existed in ancient India. The earliest references come from Vedic epics such as the Ramayana and Rig Veda.

In Ancient Greece, boxing was a well-developed sport and enjoyed consistent popularity. In Olympic terms, it was first introduced in the 23rd Olympiad, 688 BC.

Boxing was a popular spectator sport in Ancient Rome, and fighting events were held at Roman Amphitheatres.

Records of Classical boxing disappeared after the fall of the Western Roman Empire when the wearing of weapons became common once again, and interest in fighting with the fists waned.

In Modern history, as the wearing of swords became less common, there was renewed interest in fencing with the fists. The sport resurfaced in England during the early 16th century in bare-knuckle boxing, sometimes referred to as prizefighting.

The first documented account of a bare-knuckle fight in England appeared in 1681. This is also the time when the word “boxing” first came to be used.